1. Mai kwafi yana amfani da yuwuwar halayen na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto don cajin madubi na gani ba tare da haske ba, ta yadda fuskar ta kasance daidai da caji, sa'an nan kuma ta hanyar ka'idar hoton gani, hoton asali yana hoton akan madubin na gani.

2. Bangaren hoton ba a haskakawa ba, don haka saman madubin hasken har yanzu yana da caji, yayin da yanki ba tare da hoto yana haskakawa ba, don haka cajin da ke kan saman madubin hasken yana wucewa ta ƙasa na substrate, don haka caji a saman yana ɓacewa, don haka samar da hoton latent electrostatic.

3. Ta hanyar ka'idar electrostatic, ana amfani da toner tare da cajin kishiyar polarity don canza hoton latent electrostatic akan saman madubin gani zuwa hoton toner akan saman madubin na gani. Ta hanyar ka'idar electrostatic, hoton toner akan farfajiyar mai sarrafa na'ura yana canjawa zuwa saman takarda kwafin don kammala ainihin tsari na kwafi.